Nasal polyps are soft, painless, and non-cancerous growths that develop on the lining of the nasal passage. These look like grapes or teardrops. Usually, polyps are an outcome of chronic inflammation and are primarily associated with allergies, recurring infections, asthma, certain immune disorders, and drug sensitivity.

If you have a small polyp, then it may not necessarily result in any symptoms. However, a group of polyps or larger polyps restrict the nasal passage, resulting in breathing problems, loss of smell, and frequent infections. But what causes nasal polyps? Read below to find out.  

1. Causes
The precise cause of nasal polyps is still unknown. It has several potential causes that are associated with allergic asthma. However, there are some cases wherein no allergic or respiratory trigger has been known.

As such, nasal polyps do not have any relationship with uterine or colonic polyps. The actual reason behind polyp formation is unknown yet, but researchers believe that nasal polyps are often an outcome of inflammation or swelling in the sinuses.

Some experts believe that inflammation can lead to fluid accumulation in the space between the mucus-forming cells of the nose. Consequently, gravity pulls these cells down, which can lead to the development of polyps. Experts believe that viral or bacterial infections, immune responses, and allergies are key triggers of nasal polyps.

Usually, nasal polyps are seen at the sinuses’ opening in the nasal passage, but they can appear anywhere across the entire region.

2. Risk factors
Here are some primary risk factors for nasal polyps:

• Genetics
  Even though the exact cause is unclear, there is a theory that suggests that nasal polyps may be genetic. If other members in the family have nasal polyps, then the susceptibility of the remaining family members to develop the condition increases.
• Aspirin sensitivity
  If you have frequent allergic responses to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) like aspirin, then you may have a greater risk of developing nasal polyps.
• Age
  Even though nasal polyps can develop at any age, middle-aged and younger adults have a greater likelihood of developing them.
• Underlying conditions
  Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses and nasal cavity. It lasts for up to 12 weeks, depending on the severity. Cystic fibrosis is a chronic disease that affects the lungs, liver, intestines, and pancreas. Both these conditions can heighten your risk for nasal polyps. Asthma and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis also make you more susceptible to nasal polyps.

There are some things that you can do to minimize your risk of developing nasal polyps. These include using antihistamines and nasal sprays, getting allergy shots, using a humidifier, and practicing good nasal hygiene.